Garrard SL 9. 5B Manual - 3- Speed Fully- Automatic Transcription Turntable. Library / Garrard. Description. The Garrard SL 9. B is a transcription turntable which possesses the added facility of automatic record playing if desired. The turntable will play 1. The PDF files are provided under strict licence. Reproduction without prior permission or for financial gain is strictly prohibited. This website is not affiliated with or sponsored by Garrard. RECORD CHANGERSReturn to Part 3 of RECORD CHANGERS. Return to the beginning of RECORD CHANGERS. Special Record Changer Lists. THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE RECORD CHANGERPurists shunned the record changer because of (now mostly unfounded) fears. So, many manufacturers. Only Dual's 1. 00. Philips with the drop feeler and repeat- size control, and some of the. So most changer. manufacturers abandoned intermix indexing in favor of automatic single. They also chose designs that left the turntable without devices for. ELAC Miracord was the first to go, in 1. PW- 1. 0 and PW- 5. These. units were made with an umbrella spindle, and four pushbuttons, for 7. One nasty habit this changer had was snatching the. ELAC never got rid of this problem. It would have added to the functionality without adding to the. The pushbuttons would be START, 1. In 1. 96. 1, Dual produced the 1. Find a huge selection of items and get what you want today. GARRARD SL 95B TONE ARM COUNTER. GARRARD HEADSHELL REBUILD KIT FOR THE C-2 CARTRIDGE SLIDE SL-95, 72. Garrard SL 95 / SL-95 owners manual, service manuals and schematics are for reference only and the Vinyl Engine bears no responsibility for errors or other. Additional Information. Download the Garrard SL-95 manuals for free from the biggest Garrard manual and schematic collection on the web. Brand (Garrard), Compatible Brand (For Garrard), Review (mpn:sl95 for sale) Sl95 Accessories Manual Synchro-lab Vintage Garrard 95 Turntable. Garrard synchro lab 95 sl95 turntable. Motor runs, the cartridge needs a new needle. But. it still produced the 1. In 1. 96. 4, Dual made the 1. But Dual kept the other features of the 1. After 1. 96. 6, Dual put size switches on all. Garrard, on the other hand, added single play spindles, but otherwise. A series and their AT series alone, in 1. Garrard Manuals Available. Garrard SL 95 Manual - 3-Speed Idler-Drive Turntable. Garrard SL 95 / SL-95 owners manual, service manuals and schematics are for reference only and the Vinyl Engine bears no responsibility for errors or other. Find great deals on eBay for garrard lab 80 lab 80. MANUAL FOR 1950s GARRARD AUTOMATIC RECORD CHANGER MODEL R.C. Vintage 1967 Garrard SL 95 Synchro-Lab Original Print Ad w/Frank Sinatra. The AT changers could. But you then had to lower the. This was their only changer. But even this still used the pusher principle. This allowed a weaker wedge to be used, one gentler on the records. But Lab- 8. 0 played. It also had no safety. The A- 7. 0, an upgrade of the A Mk. II. also had this problem. In 1. 96. 4, BSR shortened their spindles so they held only 6 records. Garrard: SL-95: Turntable: Service: see 75 : Garrard: SL-95B: Turntable: ORIGINAL Service #1: 8 pages supplementary manual : Excellent: Garrard: SL-95B: Turntable: ORIGINAL Service #2: 8 pages supplementary manual : Good. They also introduced those. By 1. 96. 5, Webcor, Luxor, Philco, and many other changer manufacturers. V- M, GE, Silvertone, and RCA were the only. US manufacturers of record changers left. GE bought Glaser- Steers in. Garrard Lab- 8. 0In 1. Silvertone switched from a Collaro- type drop feeler to a. Singer started. selling compacts containing the Silvertone changer. They also started using. GE continued to produce the Glaser- Steers basic design for a few years. Speedminder. In 1. Collaro (now in its guise as Magnavox) modified its arm- scan. Amazingly, it continued to produce this basic changer design until it. The only major changes in later years. They even kept the 1. Silvertone semaphore changer. In 1. 96. 6, Dual and Miracord added cue controls to their record. Although the Dual 1. They replaced the drop feeler with. V- M Tri- O- Matic- style. All BSR changers at this point used overarms. In 1. 96. 7, Garrard replaced their top of the line changers with the SL- 9. SL- 7. 5, a rather appalling pair of units with rather limited record changing ability. The movable. pusher shelf was replaced with a fixed shelf, which could work only with 1. That meant that these changers. These could hold only 6 records. A later version of this. SL- 7. 2 is shown below to the right. The record pusher. Garrard left the AT- series alone, at this time, except for a change to. AT- 5. 0 to. SL- 5. AT- 6. 0 to SL- 6. No Garrard ever made could hold more than 8. Dual 1. 01. 9BSR 8. In 1. 96. 7, although they kept the Tri- O- Matic design, V- M shortened. In 1. 96. 8, RCA and GE abandoned their intermix indexes and switched to. They also shortened the spindles. But neither made their spindles. Both started using offset flat large- hole spindles with no moving. In 1. 96. 9, Garrard removed the semaphores from their overarm changers. RPM speed. The new. This time, they left out the 1. They. also came up with a goofy way of moving the overarm to the rear for single play. Maybe you were supposed to buy the shelf- type if you were into. The fixed- shelf- type SL- 7. B is shown at. right. Garrard SL- 7. 2BIn 1. V- M. Tri- O- Matic to the BSR overarm changers with size switches. In 1. 97. 0, BSR produced an umbrella changer that had the look and feel. Miracord changers, but had only 3. It had a very different. Garrard in 1. 97. Zero- 1. 00 record changer, a 2- speed. SL- 9. 5B shelf- type changer, with a pantographic arm. It also discontinued models. From 1. 97. 0 on. Garrard record changer made could play all standard types of records. It used. rising feelers to sense the size of the first record on the platter, and also. This was a nice safety device that prevented. Perpetuum Ebner PE- 2. In 1. 97. 0, Dual shortened its spindle in its 1. The similar Dual 1. Of course, these didn't sell very well. In 1. 97. 0, V- M also reintroduced the elevator changer with arm scan, now. They continued to sell this for about 7 years as. V- M 1. 55. 5 and 1. Sherwood sold it as the SEL- 1. It would have sold better if. RPM speed, because most odd- size records are 7. RPM. Some reviewers mistook a photo. In 1. 97. 1, BSR added more umbrella changers to its line, but still produced. In 1. 97. 3, they made one umbrella changer that could hold. Who they were trying to entice is not known. The manual turntable. Philips created model GC0. These use an arm scan, but for only the 3. The arm did a scan similar to the new Collaro scan, but only touched. It never actually touched the 7. Then the arm lowered, the record dropped, and the arm and moved. The arm did not scan if the overarm was low, indicating that the. This changer required that larger records be placed. Dual 1. 20. 9Philips GC0. In 1. 97. 1, Panasonic (Japan) started selling a mini changer with a falling. Glaser- Steers. They disappeared within 2. BSR overarm changer with the size. Dual goofed in 1. It put in a lever that raised. This made. the vertical tracking angle more accurate. To keep the arm from being used in. This had special. CD- 4 quadraphonic system. The CD- 4. system quickly died, because a slightly worn record sounded like sandpaper. They had umbrella spindles, but also had a manual start position on the. Sony (Japan) came out with a similar changer, but with totally. One version came with a built- in CD- 4 decoder. Also in 1. 97. 2, Garrard turntables were no longer imported into the US. US Consumer Products Safety Commission banned Delrin (the slippery. Garrard trip mechanisms) as a fire- spreading hazard. In a fire. Delrin melted, ran, and burned, spreading the fire. With the departure of Garrard, British Industries Corporation. B. I. C. These changers had the same kind of 1. They had no sensing devices at all. Bleaugh! Panasonic mini. Panasonic RD6. 20. In 1. 97. 2, Magnavox started using a 2- speed Philips mini changer with a. It selected both the size and speed by whether the first. Double bleaugh!! Magnavox also used a tiny 3- speed V- M changer as a third choice. They combined the speed and size into one. Dual (and PE, by then owned by Dual) followed suit the following year. Triple. bleaugh!!! Collaro also put out a component record changer under its own name (seen at. This combined a precision tonearm with the 3- size pickup- arm scan. Collaro used since 1. The spindle could be interchanged, and the overarm could. Nice! Mc. Donald, the company that had been importing BSR turntables into the. US, started selling Glenburn (US) changers, which were cheap knockoffs of the. BSR overarm changer design, which had been discontinued to make the BSR umbrella. In 1. 97. 3, Panasonic built a record changer with the overarm in the dust. It was a circular spring- loaded ring that surrounded the spindle. Component Collaro. In 1. 97. 4, BSR- ADC produced their Accutrack +6, a changer that could. Amazingly, the unit. The. spindle was umbrella, but a raiser came up from the turntable during the change. This raised the records up before the next one dropped, so it fell only. It could also put the stack back up on the spindle. In 1. 97. 6, BSR had switched to using speed- size switches, providing 1. They also switched back. In 1. 97. 6, Dual stopped making record changers, and concentrated on. Record changer sales plummeted in the middle 1. V- M went bankrupt in 1. By 1. 98. 0, cassettes had become the dominant form of recorded music. ADC Accutrack +6. In 1. 98. 2, the Compact Disc (CD) was released on the market. The doom of. the phonograph record was sealed. By 1. 98. 4, BSR and Collaro (Magnavox) were the only companies producing. Dual had gone bankrupt, and was bought by PE. In the late 1. 98. Pioneer briefly made a record changer that used a. CD- changer mechanism). But it took only. The 4. 5 held on a year longer, because. CD players was not yet available. It was eventually. A few cheapened versions of B. I. C. Plastic changer spindles??? This ends the period of the record changer. The CD had totally replaced. From 1. 99. 3 onward, no record changers were manufactured. It's. a sad ending to a wonderful era of innovation. But some people still use record changers. The author of this page is still. Collaro Conquest. And it has needed repair only 3 times in 4. Addendum: Some retro phonograph cabinets appeared in 2. Detrola and Trav- ler. They contain cheap record changers designed. Glenburn and B. I.
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Iran nuclear crisis: Can talks succeed? Image copyright. Getty Images. Iran and world powers have extended negotiations to end a decade- old crisis over the Iranian nuclear programme. There are still obstacles to a deal though, compounded by years of distrust. Why is there a crisis? World powers suspect Iran has not been honest about its nuclear programme and is seeking the ability to build a nuclear bomb. Iran says it has the right to nuclear energy - and stresses that its nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes only. Diplomats have been seeking a deal that would allow Iran to have nuclear power but reduce the likelihood of it gaining nuclear weapons. How close are they to a deal? Image copyright. Reuters. Image caption. The two negotiating teams have accused each other of making unrealistic demands. Iran and the so- called P5+1 - the US, UK, France, China and Russia plus Germany - agreed an interim accord in November 2. Islamic Republic curb sensitive nuclear activities in return for relief from sanctions that have crippled its economy. A deadline of July 2. Western diplomats are confident of securing a political agreement by 1 March 2. July. How did the crisis start? Image copyright. APImage caption. Iran's former president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, rejected curbs on its nuclear programme. Iran's nuclear programme became public in 2. Enriched uranium can be used to make reactor fuel but also nuclear weapons, while spent fuel from a heavy- water reactor contains plutonium suitable for a bomb. Iran subsequently agreed to inspections by the global nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). But the IAEA was unable to confirm Iran had not sought to develop nuclear weapons. This led the US and its European allies to press Iran to stop enriching uranium. Talks failed to make any progress and in 2. Iraq's Nuclear Weapons Program. There were several advantages to this timing. Although external pressure and more technical barriers will remain necessary to prevent Tehran from exercising a nuclear weapon. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. German Nuclear Program Before and During World War II Andrew Wendorff March 24, 2014 Submitted as coursework for PH241, Stanford University, Winter 2014 Introduction. The Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy advances nuclear power as a resource capable of meeting the Nation's energy, environmental, and national security needs by resolving technical, cost, safety, proliferation. Disadvantages Of Nuclear Energy. The storage of radioactive waste has been major bottleneck for the expansion of nuclear programs. Not to mention, nuclear energy advantages are far ahead of advantages of fossil fuels. Views on the nuclear program of Iran. A Saudi Arabian official clarified that should Iran develop a nuclear weapon. IAEA referred Iran to the UN Security Council for failing to comply with the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Since then, the Security Council has adopted six resolutions requiring Iran to stop enriching uranium, some imposing sanctions. Workforce Programs; Academic Resources. Academic Calendars; Academic Deadlines; Academic Success Center; Catalog; Class Schedule; Computer and Electronic Resources; eLearning (Canvas, etc.) Finals Schedule; Graduation. In 2. 01. 2, the US and EU began imposing additional sanctions on Iranian oil exports and banks, putting pressure on Iran to negotiate. What do the world powers want? The US says any agreement should ensure it would take Iran at least a year to make enough fissile material for a nuclear warhead if it chose to do so. Such a limit on the so- called . Iran currently has about 1. The P5+1 also wants Iran to limit its research and development activities, which could enhance centrifuge efficiency. It believes the enrichment restrictions should remain in place for at least two decades and be backed- up by extensive monitoring. What does Iran say? Image copyright. AFPImage caption. Iran says it needs the enrichment capacity to produce fuel for the Bushehr power plant from 2. Iran is reportedly offering to freeze the current number of operating centrifuges for three to seven years. After that, it argues, there must be sufficient enrichment capacity to produce fuel for the Bushehr power plant when its fuel supply agreement with Russia expires in 2. That would require Iran to expand its current capacity 1. In return, Iran says it would ship almost all its stock of low- enriched uranium to Russia and accept more intrusive inspections by the IAEA. The P5+1 has noted that Russia, which recently agreed to build two new reactors in Iran, is prepared to supply fuel for Bushehr for its lifetime. What other obstacles are there to a deal? Domestic political constraints are being blamed for hindering a compromise on enrichment. Analysts say Iranian negotiators would struggle to defend an agreement that does not preserve their country's current capacity. Western negotiators would likewise struggle to sell a deal that allowed Iran to rapidly produce weapons- grade uranium. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said any deal would need to see Iran halt all enrichment activity. Image copyright. Reuters. Image caption. Iran's economy has been hit hard by sanctions targeting its key energy sector. There has also been disagreement over how and when sanctions imposed on Iran would be lifted. Iran wants UN sanctions to be lifted quickly. However, the P5+1 believes that should happen in the final phase of any accord because they could not be quickly or easily reimposed. President Barack Obama can suspend sanctions imposed by the US Congress, but he cannot lift them permanently, which might dissuade companies from resuming trade with Iran. Why is Iran suspected of seeking nuclear weapons? The US has alleged that Iran had a nuclear weapons programme in 2. Iranian leaders stopped it when it was discovered. Image copyright. AFPImage caption. The IAEA's director general, Yukiya Amano, has demanded access to the Parchin military site. In 2. 00. 9 Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, declared: . The report drew attention to a military complex at Parchin, which the IAEA has been unable to visit since 2. In September 2. 01. IAEA said Iran had failed to give a satisfactory explanation of its research at Parchin into detonators that could be used to trigger a nuclear weapon or explained studies that could help calculate the explosive yield of one. How does Iran justify its refusal to obey UN resolutions? Image copyright. AFPImage caption. Iran has insisted its nuclear programme is entirely for peaceful purposes. Iran has said it is simply doing what it is allowed to do under the NPT, which allows signatory states to enrich uranium to be used as fuel for power generation. Such states have to remain under inspection by the IAEA. Iran is under inspection, though not under the strictest rules allowed because it will not agree to them. Could Iran build a nuclear bomb if it chose to? Image copyright. AFPImage caption. Iran has the largest and most diverse ballistic missile arsenal in the Middle East. There are mixed views on this. US Secretary of State John Kerry said in April 2. Iran had the ability to produce enough weapons- grade uranium for a nuclear bomb within two months. However, Mr Kerry said such a . That was also before the IAEA confirmed Iran had converted all of its medium- enriched uranium into forms that were less of a proliferation risk. Any bomb- making process would likely be done in secret, so estimating timelines would be extremely difficult. A nuclear energy program that benefits the Iranian people. Siegfried S. Hecker. Abbas Milani Editor's note: A Persian translation of this article is available here. The election of President Hassan Rouhani and external economic pressure brought about the breakthrough interim nuclear deal with Iran that went into effect this week. A long- term resolution of the Iranian nuclear standoff, however, will require both Iran and the world's major powers to alter past approaches. Iran must move beyond its false nationalism and the misguided notion that uranium enrichment is the sine qua non of peaceful nuclear energy. Although external pressure and more technical barriers will remain necessary to prevent Tehran from exercising a nuclear weapon option, the P5+1 should not isolate the country, but offer to incorporate it into the international nuclear energy community by helping it build a viable civilian program. Such an embrace might be possible if Iran decides not to follow in the footsteps of North Korea, but to adopt instead a model for civilian nuclear development similar to the one South Korea has successfully pursued. Over the past three decades, South Korea has become one of the world's most advanced and successful nuclear energy vendors by focusing development on the economically profitable parts of the nuclear fuel cycle. That admission opens up the possibility for objective debate within Iran on the economic and technical costs of its current nuclear trajectory. We believe that such a debate. The 1. 94. 6 Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy (often called the Acheson- Lilienthal report, after its primary authors) concluded that the pursuit of nuclear technologies for both peaceful purposes and the bomb are, during much of their respective courses, interchangeable and interdependent. Many countries have since used the inherent duality of nuclear technologies to clandestinely pursue the bomb under the guise of peaceful nuclear energy programs. The list includes not only the usual suspects. He also explored the military possibilities of nuclear power, ostensibly through cooperation with Israel and South Africa. Although his weapon ambitions were severely constrained by Washington arm- twisting, the Shah secretly kept the option open, telling the head of Iran. The covert re- launch of the program a few years later focused on acquiring uranium centrifuge technologies through the proliferation networks established by European businessmen and Pakistan. In its resurrected program, Iran. In the early 2. 00. Iran. During the past 1. Iran has enriched uranium so it contains 3 percent to 5 percent uranium 2. With its current stock of enriched uranium and its existing equipment, Iran can, in a breakout scenario, make enough highly enriched uranium (9. In such a scenario, Iran would still have to weaponize this highly enriched uranium. Iran likely has the necessary capabilities to build a simple bomb deliverable by plane, boat, or van. But bombs must be miniaturized to be delivered by missile. Iran has an expanding missile- development program. The intermittent missile- related threats made by Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps commanders against Israel, the United States, and Iran. Still, Iran would need a number of years of research, development, and testing before it could have a reliable, missile- deliverable nuclear warhead. The terms of the interim agreement will temporarily prevent Tehran from moving closer to a potential breakout scenario. Upcoming negotiations will aim to erect additional technical barriers. Negotiators will limit enrichment levels, the number and sophistication of centrifuges, and the types of fuel and level of completion for the Arak reactor, and they will seek to preclude reprocessing of its spent fuel. These measures will be necessary to delay a potential breakout, but they will not be sufficient to alleviate concerns about the ultimate goals of the Iranian program. Indeed, external pressure, export controls, and technical barriers were not sufficient to keep Israel, South Africa, Pakistan, India, or North Korea from the bomb. These countries demonstrated that a sufficiently determined nation with moderate technical and industrial capabilities can build the bomb. But other countries with such capabilities. Iran could go down a similar path. Over a period of decades, Iran has portrayed its nuclear enrichment program as a symbol of national honor. It has hidden from citizens the fact that it also maintains an important military nuclear option. This conception of the nuclear program has shaped Iranian decisions that have resulted in an embarrassing, unproductive, and costly civilian nuclear program. After 5. 0 years, Iran has very little to show for its nuclear pursuit. Iran has one commercial nuclear reactor, only partially ready for electricity production, at Bushehr. This nuclear plant has been supplied entirely by Russia, with little or no technology transfer and even less actual electrical energy production. The fuel for that reactor will be supplied by Russia with limited Iranian technical contributions. The Tehran research reactor, used primarily for medical isotope production, was supplied by the United States in 1. The reactor at Arak is not of modern design and appears not well suited for its purported task of medical isotope production. And no matter how many more centrifuges Iran installs, it can never become self- sufficient in nuclear fuel production; it does not possess the uranium ore reserves required for a large- scale nuclear energy program. The direct costs of Iran. The indirect costs of keeping the nuclear weapons option open are even more staggering. Lost economic opportunities. Other indirect costs are more difficult to quantify, but significant. Economic sanctions and internal politics have created a major brain drain, as the educated flee the country, and Iran has one of the world's highest rates of heroin and opium addiction. Meanwhile, sanctions have made it impossible for Iranian students to study abroad in cutting- edge scientific fields. The results have been similarly poor for other countries that have seriously pursued nuclear weapons under an ostensibly peaceful umbrella. None of these countries produces a significant fraction of its electricity from nuclear power. India has had the most success in the commercial nuclear sector, but it is only a shadow of what it could have been, if the country had not pursued the bomb. North Korea is a particularly telling example: More than 5. We propose that Tehran re- examine its energy options. As it does so, it may find that it makes little economic sense to pursue nuclear power. It may also conclude that a small nuclear power program is desired, in which case it can simply purchase one or two additional reactors from Russia, under the same contractual arrangement as for the Bushehr reactor. Such agreements require no domestic enrichment or reprocessing of the spent fuel. If, as we expect, driven by national pride and a quest for prestige, Tehran decides to pursue a substantial indigenous nuclear power and research program, then it should be convinced. South Korea and Japan found that an economically viable nuclear electricity program is incompatible with military nuclear pursuits. South Korea struck close business alliances with established reactor and equipment vendors from the United States, Canada, France, and Japan. It was able to negotiate full technology- transfer agreements to simultaneously launch the essential components of a nuclear industry. This approach put nuclear electricity on the grid quickly, and allowed South Korean industrial corporations to come up to speed in reactor component manufacturing, reactor construction, other plant equipment manufacturing, and fuel fabrication. It became integrated into the global nuclear community, rather than isolated from it. Establishing the industrial capacity for these ventures had significant beneficial spin- offs to other key South Korean industries. A telling indicator of the economic rationality of this option can be found in one stunning fact: Iran and South Korea were comparable in terms of their industrial and economic power in the 1. South Korea is an economic giant, while Iran, in spite of windfalls in oil revenue in the last decade. It has expanded its domestic nuclear capacity with its own version of modern light- water reactors. It is now fully independent in nuclear reactor design and construction technology, in the manufacture of nuclear fuel for all its reactors, and in their safe and economic operation. South Korea won the lucrative bid to construct four modern 1,4. United Arab Emirates, and it is supplying the steel pressure vessels and other components for two US reactors being constructed on the East Coast. South Korea first collaborated on and then developed its own research and medical- isotope- production reactor, the high- flux advanced neutron application reactor, or HANARO. It is now building a version of this reactor in Jordan. South Korea achieved this success in the nuclear energy field without domestic uranium enrichment. It chose to focus its efforts in the middle of the nuclear fuel cycle. It found enrichment services readily supplied on the global marketplace by many countries. In fact, there exists today a glut of enrichment supply worldwide, resulting in depressed prices. South Korea, like Iran, will continue to depend on the international market for uranium, because it also lacks sufficient domestic uranium ore. For the Arak reactor, current negotiations focus on technical changes that would reduce the potential risk that it could be used to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. In keeping with the spirit of incorporating Iran into the international community, we propose that it instead cooperate with other countries that sell and build reactors, optimizing the Arak reactor design for medical and research applications. |
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